Ball screws are the most commonly used transmission components in machine tools and precision machinery. Its main function is to convert rotational motion into linear motion, or convert torque into axial repetitive force. At the same time, it also has the characteristics of high precision, reversibility and high efficiency.
Eccentricity: Refers to the center deviation between the fixed side and the supporting side.
Inclination: In addition to eccentricity, the installation error caused by the parallel error (up, down, left, and right) or vertical error of the screw nut mounting part between the screw shaft and the guide (LM guide, etc.).
Installation accuracy reference: Refer to the table for the reference value of the installation accuracy of the ball screw. The data in the table is for reference only. Please minimize installation errors. The installation accuracy of the motor support and coupling affects the walking and positioning accuracy of the workbench, so attention should be paid to the ball screw.
Unpacking: Be careful not to hit the nut and end thread. When disassembling the nut, you can manually rotate the nut from one end of the effective thread to the other end. Check whether the resistance is consistent and whether there is obvious bending. Be careful not to disengage the nut screw from the effective thread. Wipe off the surface anti-rust oil and apply lubricating oil.
Maintenance: When the linear speed is less than or equal to 30m/min, grease can be used for lubrication. According to the working conditions, grease should be injected every 300 to 600 working hours. It is recommended that oil lubrication be 30-60m/min, and forced oil mist lubrication can be considered 60-100m/min. It is recommended to order a hollow screw and adopt forced cooling and lubrication. Keep the working environment clean and do not let dust and other impurities enter the raceway or nut. If the situation is not good, consider adding a protective cover to the screws.
Ball screws are usually used where precise positioning is required. The ball screw has high mechanical efficiency, low transmission torque and almost zero axial clearance, making it an important device in tool positioning and aileron drive applications. However, the resistance and heat generated by continuous operation may cause large friction and positioning errors. Increasing the design coefficient of the ball screw friction will also increase the torque, which in turn affects the positioning accuracy. When the ball is pressed between the ball screw nut and the screw shaft, the wedge effect is a potential source of friction. When rotating in the forward direction, the ball is usually pressed on the nut; on the contrary, the ball is squeezed on the screw shaft. Since the sliding friction coefficient is much larger than the rolling friction coefficient ({{0}}.1-0.3 when there is no movement, 0.001-0.003 when rolling), the wedge effect greatly increases the torque.
Ball screw drive has the following advantages:
①High transmission efficiency. The transmission efficiency of ball screw transmission is generally 20.92-10 percent , and the transmission efficiency of ordinary sliding screw transmission is 20.20-0.40.
②High transmission accuracy, stable movement and no crawling phenomenon. The ball screw drive is basically rolling friction, with small friction resistance, and the friction resistance has almost nothing to do with the speed of movement.
③Running in reverse gear without idling. After the ball screw and nut are pre-tightened, the axial clearance can be eliminated. In this way, there is no dead zone in the opposite direction, and the accuracy and rigidity of the axial transmission are improved.
④ It is reversible. Because the friction loss of the ball screw is small, it can be converted from a rotary motion to a linear motion, and it can also be converted from a linear motion to a rotary motion. Both the lead screw and the nut can be used as a drive or follower.
⑤Long service life. Due to the small friction loss of rolling friction, the service life is long.
As a precise and labor-saving transmission mechanism, the ball screw is widely used in precision machine tools and CNC machine tools due to the above advantages.
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